spatial

The Redress of the Past: Historical Pageants in Britain, 1905-2016

History, Social History | music, performance, twentieth century, United Kingdom

The database contains entries of over 550 pageants (and growing). These list a wealth of information about individual historical pageants, sometimes in great detail. Insofar as records allow (and little trace remains of many pageants), we have sought to record details of the times and places of performances, those involved in organising and staging them, and how many people attended. For each pageant, we have also sought to record, again as fully as possible, whether the pageant made or lost money, details of the music that was played and who composed it, and synopses of the individual episodes which featured. In addition, for each pageant record we provide lists of the names of the notable historical figures that featured in the action. Last but certainly not least, we have prepared a detailed summary essay explaining each pageant and placing it in its wider historical context. We have information on all – or nearly all – of the largest pageants performed in twentieth-century Britain as well as a broadly representative sample of smaller pageants.

Data type: images, spatial, text

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Corpus of Scottish Medieval Parish Churches

Architecture, History of Architecture | architecture, Christianity, church, Middle Ages, Scotland

This database provides narrative accounts of the salient historical information on the history and architecture of the individual buildings and sites, accompanied by a full apparatus of references and by images of those buildings and sites.

Data type: images, spatial, text

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Fife Place-Name Data

Heritage Studies, Languages | gaelic, Middle Ages, place names, Scotland

This was a pilot project to retroactively create an online database from the (purposefully laid-out) volumes of The Place-Names of Fife. It was successful, and allowed the researcher, Simon Taylor, and the systems developer, Brian Aitken, to work together on a prototype of what will become the full Scottish Place-Name database for the future (based on older models, which underlie the survey volumes).

Data type: spatial, text

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Piston, Pen and Press

History, Social History | England, literature, nineteenth century, poetry, Scotland, songs, working class culture

“Welcome to the ‘Piston, Pen & Press’ database. Here you can search or browse our records of industrial workers and literary culture across Scotland and the North of England. We have entries for individuals, for literary works (many including transcriptions of poems, songs or prose extracts), and for associations that sponsored literary activities and were connected to industry.”

Data type: audio, spatial, text, video

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The Lands of the Normans in England

History, Social History | England, family history, France, Middle Ages

In 1204 King Philip Augustus of France conquered Normandy, thus breaking up the ‘Anglo-Norman realm’ created after the Norman conquest of England in 1066. The severing of connections between the two countries had profound implications for French and English identity and politics, but it has not received the detailed study that it merits. The Lands of the Normans project is based on the study of a sample of Anglo-Norman landowners, based on the single most important English source for the confiscations of 1204, the Rotulus de valore terrarum Normannorum. The project team traced the history of each of the lay families and estates that appear in this source through the surviving records, English and French, royal and private, before and after 1204. These records were entered into an online database, designed and created by the historical members of the project team in combination with the technical officers at the Humanities Research Institute. “The database contains details of over 2,000 individual documents collected from over 100 historical sources. Nearly 3,000 different people and places appear in the database, and there are over 13,500 links describing the relationships between these people and places. The Lands of the Normans database thus provides an introduction to a number of important Anglo-Norman families, including their appearances in royal and private records and access to automated reconstructions of the genealogies of each family and maps of landholding. We hope that this may encourage other historians to explore the potential benefits of Information Technology for their own research.

Data type: spatial, text

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Intoxicants and Early Modernity

History, Social History | alcohol, drugs, Early Modern, eighteenth century, England, seventeenth century, sixteenth century

This research project explores the insight that the period between the introduction of tobacco in the 1570s and the ‘Gin Craze’ of the early eighteenth century was a formative phase in the production, traffic, consumption, and representation of intoxicants. By intoxicants – a less ideologically loaded term than ‘drugs’, and a more historical descriptor for non-medicinal commodities – we mean substances understood at the time to be ‘poisoning, or envenoming’ and ‘tuddling or making drunk’, and which today are recognized as having an often detrimental impact on the body’s physiological and mental processes, especially if consumed to excess.” “The resulting research tool will be an interactive website, providing free access to the datasets generated by the project, and allowing the research team and a wider community of users to explore the relationships between the economic, social, political, material, and cultural realms of early modern intoxication. “These include people, places, objects (such as drinking vessels, printed images), organisations, language (context-specific terminology), and events (such as legislation or transactions). Each of these entities will have its own set of characteristics as well as relationships with one or more other entities. The resulting ‘ontology’ will enable the PI, Co-Is, and RAs to interrogate the entire range of data and visualise the results in ways which reveal trends and relationships that are not evident when consulting the documents individually. For example, changing volumes of tobacco or numbers of licence holders or uses of the word ‘drunkenness’ can be traced and contextualised diachronically whilst relationships between entities – for example tobacco, licences, and ‘drunkenness’ – are revealed synchronically.

Data type: spatial, text

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Crisis DB – US Political Violence Database

History, Social History | eighteenth century, nineteenth century, twentieth century, twenty-first century, United States, war and conflict

Collection of historical records of violent incidents in the United States, spanning from 1782 to the present day. The dataset is categorized by date, incident type, subtypes, casualties, geographical location of the violence, documented fatalities, and the authoritative sources from which this data is derived. Additionally, each entry includes a detailed narrative describing the specific circumstances surrounding the violent incident.

Data type: spatial, temporal

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Spread of agriculture across Europe

Ancient History, History | agriculture, archaeology, diffusion, history

A dataset comprising of the spatio-temporal dynamics of the diffusive spread of an agricultural package. The data is made up of radiocarbon data from 735 early Neolithic sites in Europe, the Near East and Anatolia.

Data type: spatial, temporal

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Caloric Suitability Index dataset

Agriculture, Social Sciences | agriculture, caloric yield, crop suitability, geography

“The Caloric Suitability Indices” (CSI) capture the variation in potential crop yield across the globe, as measured in calories per hectare per year. Moreover, in light of the expansion in the set of crops that are available for cultivation in the course of the Columbian Exchange, the CSI indices provide a distinct measure for caloric suitability for the pre-1500 and the post-1500 era.

The CSI indices provide four estimates of caloric suitability for each cell of size 5′× 5 in the world:

The maximum potential caloric yield attainable given the set of crops that are suitable for cultivation in the pre-1500 period.
The maximum potential caloric yield attainable, given the set of crops that are suitable for cultivation in the post-1500 period.
The average potential yields within each cell, attainable given the set of crops that are suitable for cultivation in the pre-1500 period.
The average potential yields within each cell, attainable given the set of crops that are suitable for cultivation in the post-1500 period.
The Caloric Suitability Indices (Galor and Özak, 2016) captures the potential agricultural output (measured in calories) based on crops that were available for cultivation in the Pre-1500CE and Post-1500CE eras. It is available for 5’ by 5’ grid cells and at the country level. The data can be used to assess or account for the exogenous effect of agricultural potential on various economic and social outcomes. The data can be used to assess or account for the exogenous effect of agricultural potential on various economic and social outcomes. An IPython notebook is included to show how it can be used and also compares it with another measure of agricultural suitability. The data is provided as a service to the academic research community (see license for permitted uses).

Data type: spatial

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Human Mobility Index dataset

Social Sciences, Transport | geography, seafaring, transportation

“The Human Mobility Index (HMI)” that estimates the potential minimum travel time across the globe (measured in hours) accounting for human biological constraints, as well as geographical and technological factors that determined travel time before the widespread use of steam power. In particular, the HMI indices provide a distinct measure of human mobility potential in different eras:

Human Mobility Index (HMI): Mobility on land without seafaring technology. Shows mobility potential on land before the widespread use of steam power.
Human Mobility Index with Seafaring: HMI expanded to allow mobility on a select set of seas for which historical data was available. Shows potential mobility on land and seas before the introduction of ocean-faring ships.
Human Mobility Index with Ocean: HMI expanded to allow mobility on all seas based on CLIWOC (interpolated). Shows potential mobility on land and seas after the introduction of ocean-faring ships, but before the widespread use of steamships.
Based on these cost surfaces, researchers can find the minimum travel times between locations or construct more sophisticated statistics based on these. For example, Ashraf, Galor and Özak (2010) construct measures of pre-historic geographical isolation to study the effect of isolation on development. Similarly, Özak (2010), Depetris-Chauvin and Özak (2016, 2020) and Michalopoulus and Özak (2019) construct potential trade and information flow networks among countries, ethnic groups, cities, and artificial geographical units, to study the origins of the division of labor, and the effect of technological change on isolation and development. Likewise, Depetris-Chauvin and Özak (2019) use these measures to construct artificial states based on Voronoi partitions.

This strategy overcomes the potential mismeasurement of distances generated by using geodesic distances (Özak 2010), for a period when travel time was the most important determinant of transportation costs. Additionally, it removes the potential concern that travel time to the frontier reflects a country’s stage of development, mitigating further possible endogeneity concerns. The research validates these measures by (i) analyzing their association with actual historical travel time; (ii) examining their explanatory power for the location of historical trade routes in the Old World; and (iii) analyzing their association with genetic and cultural distances.

Data type: spatial

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Glossary